We offer a
full verbal test, including 10 critical reasoning questions, 16
sentence correction questions, and 15 reading comprehension
questions. Also included are answers with complete explanations.
Questions 1- 8 are based on the following passage.
"I want to criticize the social system,
and to show it at work, at its most
intense." Virginia Woolf's provocative
statement about her intentions in
(5) writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been
ignored by the critics, since it
highlights an aspect of her literary
interests very different from the
traditional picture of the "poetic"
(10) novelist concerned with examining states
of reverie and vision and with following
the intricate pathways of individual
consciousness. But Virginia Woolf was a
realistic as well as a poetic novelist,
(15) a satirist and social critic as well as
a visionary: literary critics' cavalier
dismissal of Woolf's social vision will
not withstand scrutiny.
In her novels, Woolf is deeply engaged
(20) by the questions of how individuals are
shaped (or deformed) by their social
environments, how historical forces
impinge on people's lives, how class,
wealth, and gender help to determine
(25) people's fates. Most of her novels are
rooted in a realistically rendered social
setting and in a precise historical time.
Woolf's focus on society has not been
generally recognized because of her
(30) intense antipathy to propaganda in art.
The pictures of reformers in her novels
are usually satiric or sharply critical.
Even when Woolf is fundamentally
sympathetic to their causes, she portrays
(35) people anxious to reform their society
and possessed of a message or program
as arrogant or dishonest, unaware of
how their political ideas serve their
own psychological needs. (Her Writer's
(40) Diary notes: "the only honest people
are the artists," whereas "these social
reformers and philanthropists...harbor...
discreditable desires under the disguise
of loving their kind....") Woolf detested
(45) what she called "preaching" in fiction,
too, and criticized novelist D.H.Lawrence
(among others) for working by this method.
Woolf's own social criticism is
expressed in the language of observation
(50) rather than in direct commentary, since
for her, fiction is a contemplative, not
an active art. She describes phenomena
and provides materials for a judgment
about society and social issues; it is
(55) the reader's work to put the observations
together and understand the coherent
point of view behind them. As a moralist,
Woolf works by indirection, subtly under－
mining officially accepted mores, mocking,
(60) suggesting, calling into question, rather
than asserting, advocating, bearing
witness: hers is the satirist's art.
Woolf's literary models were acute
social observers like Checkhov and
(65) Chaucer. As she put it in The Common
Reader. "It is safe to say that not a
single law has been framed or one stone
set upon another because of anything
Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we
(70) read him, we are absorbing morality at
every pore." Like Chaucer, Woolf chose
to understand as well as to judge, to
know her society root and branch-a
decision curcial in order to produce art
(75) rather than polemic.
1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title
for the passage?
(A) Poetry and Satire as Influences on the Novels of Virginia
Woolf
(B) Virginia Woolf: Critic and Commentator on the
Twentieth-Century Novel
(C) Trends in Contemporary Reform Movements as a Key to
Understanding Virginia Woolf's Novels
(D) Society as Allegory for the Individual in the Novels of
Virginia Woolf
(E) Virginia Woolf's Novels: Critical Reflections on the
Individual and on Society
2. In the first paragraph of the passage, the author's attitude
toward the literary critics mentioned can best be described as
(A) disparaging
(B) ironic
(C) factious
(D) skeptical but resigned
(E) disappointed but hopeful
3. It can be inferred from the passage that Woolf chose Chaucer as
a literary model because she believed that
(A) Chaucer was the first English author to focus on society as a
whole as well as on individual characters
(B) Chaucer was an honest and forthright author, whereas novelists
like D, H, Lawrence did not sincerely wish to change society
(C) Chaucer was more concerned with understanding his society than
with calling its accepted mores into question
(D) Chaucer's writing was greatly, if subtly, effective in
influencing the moral attitudes of his readers
(E) her own novels would be more widely read if, like Chaucer, she
did not overtly and vehemently criticize contemporary society
4. It can be inferred from the passage that the most probable
reason Woolf realistically described the social setting in the
majority of her novels was that she
(A) was aware that contemporary literary critics considered the
novel to be the most realistic of literary genres
(B) was interested in the effect of a person's social milieu on
his or her character and actions
(C) needed to be as attentive to detail as possible in her novels
in order to support the arguments she advanced in them
(D) wanted to show that a painstaking fidelity in the
representation of reality did not in any way hamper the artist
(E) wished to prevent critics from charging that her novels were
written in an ambiguous and inexact style
5. Which of the following phrases best expresses the sense of the
word "contemplative" as it is used in line 51 of the passage?
(A) Gradually elucidating the rational structures underlying
accepted mores
(B) Reflecting on issues in society without prejudice or emotional
commitment
(C) Avoiding the aggressive assertion of the author's perspective
to the exclusion of the reader's judgment
(D) Conveying a broad view of society as a whole rather than
focusing on an isolated individual consciousness
(E) Appreciating the world as the artist sees it rather than
judging it in moral terms
6. The author implies that a major element of the satirist's art
is the satirist's
(A) consistent adherence to a position of lofty disdain when
viewing the foibles of humanity
(B) insistence on the helplessness of individuals against the
social forces that seek to determine an individual's fate
(C) cynical disbelief that visionaries can either enlighten or
improve their societies
(D) fundamental assumption that some ambiguity must remain in a
work of art in order for it to reflect society and social mores
accurately
(E) refusal to indulge in polemic when presenting social mores to
readers for their scrutiny
7. The passage supplies information for answering which of the
following questions?
(A) Have literary critics ignored the social criticism inherent in
the work of Chekhov and Chaucer?
(B) Does the author believe that Woolf is solely an introspective
and visionary novelist?
(C) What are the social causes with which Woolf shows herself to
be sympathetic in her writings?
(D) Was D. H. Lawrence as concerned as Woolf was with creating
realistic settings for his novels?
(E) Does Woolf attribute more power to social environment or to
historical forces as shapers of a person's life?
8. One of the truisms of the advertising industry is that it is
rarely necessary to say something of substance in an advertisement
in order to boost sales. Instead, one only needs to attract the
potential customer’s attention; memory does the rest, for it is
more important for sales that people know of a product than that
they know something about it.
Which of the following is assumed by the argument?
A. People can remember a product without having much information
about it.
B. Advertisements, in their own way, function to improve people’s
memories.
C. Attracting a potential customer’s attention is a simple matter.
D. The advertising industry knows little of substance about the
products it promotes.
E. Advertisements seldom tell the truth about a product.
9. The company announced that its
profits declined much less in the second quarter than analysts had expected
it to and its business will improve in the second half of the year.
(A) had expected it to and its business will improve
(B) had expected and that its business would improve
(C) expected it would and that it will improve its business
(D) expected them to and its business would improve
(E) expected and that it will have improved its business
Directions: For each question. select the best of the
answer choices given. (Critical Reasoning)
10. Affirmative action is good business. So asserted the
National Association of Manufacturers while urging retention of an
executive order requiring some federal contractors to set
numerical goals for hiring minorities and women. “Diversity in
work force participation has produced new ideas in management,
product development, and marketing,” the association claimed.
The association’s argument as it is presented in the passage above
would be most strengthened if which of the following were true?
A. The percentage of minority and women workers in business has
increased more slowly than many minority and women’s groups would
prefer.
B. Those businesses with the highest percentages of minority and
women workers are those that have been the most innovative and
profitable.
C. Disposable income has been rising as fast among minorities and
women as among the population as a whole.
D. The biggest growth in sales in the manufacturing sector has
come in industries that market the most innovative products.
E. Recent improvements in management practices have allowed many
manufacturers to experience enormous gains in worker productivity.
11. The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of
prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are now five
times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early
1970's.
(A) extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than
(B) extinction; its numbers are now five times more than
(C) extinction, their numbers now fivefold what they were
(D) extinction, now with fivefold the numbers they had
(E) extinction, now with numbers five times greater than
Directions: For each question. select the best of the answer choices
given. (Critical Reasoning)
12. Only a member of the Regionalist party would oppose the
bill for a new recycling law that would protect the environment
from industrial interests. Ellen cannot be a member of the
Regionalist party because she supports the bill.
Which of the following statements points out why the conclusion is
invalidly drawn?
A. Regionalist party members have organized to oppose industrial
interests on several other issues.
B. Industrial interests need not oppose the protection of the
environment.
C. Past attempts to protect the environment through recycling laws
have failed.
D. It is possible that some Regionalist party members may not
oppose the bill for a new recycling law.
E. Ellen has attended programs and distributed literature prepared
by the Regionalist party.
13. Three out of every four
automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle.
(A) Three out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own
a bicycle.
(B) Out of every four, three automobile owners in the United States also owns a
bicycle.
(C) Bicycles are owned by three out of every four owners of automobiles in the
United States.
(D) In the United States, three out of every four automobile owners owns
bicycles.
(E) Out of every four owners of automobiles in the United States, bicycles are
also owned by three.
14. Analysts blamed May's sluggish
retail sales on unexciting merchandise as well as the weather, colder and
wetter than was usual in some regions. which slowed sales of barbecue grills
and lawn furniture.
(A) colder and wetter than was usual in some regions, which slowed
(B) which was colder and wetter than usual in some regions, slowing
(C) since it was colder and wetter than usually in some regions, which slowed
(D) being colder and wetter than usually in some regions, slowing
(E) having been colder and wetter than was usual in some regions and slowed
Questions 15- 18 are based on the following passage.
It is a popular misconception
that nuclear fusion power is free
of radioactivity; in fact, the
deuterium-tritium reaction that nuclear
(5) scientists are currently exploring with
such zeal produces both alpha particles
and neutrons, (The neutrons are used to
produce tritium from a lithium blanket
surrounding the reactor.) Another common
(10) misconception is that nuclear fusion
power is a virtually unlimited source of
energy because of the enormous quantity
of deuterium in the sea. Actually, its
limits are set by the amount of
(15) available lithium, which is about as
plentiful as uranium in the Earth's
crust. Research should certainly
continue on controlled nuclear fusion,but
no energy program should be premised
(20) on its existence until it has proven
practical. For the immediate future, we
must continue to use hydroelectric
power, nuclear fission, and fossil fuels
to meet our energy needs. The energy
(25) sources already in major use are in
major use for good reason.
15. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) criticize scientists who believe that the deuterium-tritium
fusion reaction can be made feasible as an energy source
(B) admonish scientists who have failed to correctly calculate the
amount of lithium
(C) defend the continued short-term use of fossil fuels as a major
energy source
(D) caution against uncritical embrace of nuclear fusion power as
a major energy source
(E) correct the misconception that nuclear fusion power is
entirely free of radioactivity
16. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes
which of the following about the current state of public awareness
concerning nuclear fusion power?
(A) The public has been deliberately misinformed about the
advantages and disadvantages of nuclear fusion power.
(B) The public is unaware of the principal advantage of nuclear
fusion over nuclear fission as an energy source.
(C) The public's awareness of the scientific facts concerning
nuclear fusion power is somewhat distorted and incomplete.
(D) The public is not interested in increasing its awareness of
the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear fusion power.
(E) The public is aware of the disadvantages of nuclear fusion
power but not of its advantages.
17. The passage provides information that would answer which of
the following questions?
(A) What is likely to be the principal source of deuterium for
nuclear fusion power?
(B) How much incidental radiation is produced in the
deuterium-tritium fusion reaction?
(C) Why are scientists exploring the deuterium-tritium fusion
reaction with such zeal?
(D) Why must the tritium for nuclear fusion be synthesized from
lithium?
(E) Why does the deuterium-tritium reaction yield both alpha
particles and neutrons?
18. Which of the following statements concerning nuclear
scientists is most directly suggested in the passage?
(A) Nuclear scientists are not themselves aware of all of the
facts surrounding the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction.
(B) Nuclear scientists exploring the decuterium-tritium reaction
have overlooked key facts in their eagerness to prove nuclear
fusion practical.
(C) Nuclear scientists may have overestimated the amount of
lithium actually available in the Earth's crust.
(D) Nuclear scientists have not been entirely dispassionate in
their investigation of the deuterium-tritium reaction.
(E) Nuclear scientists have insufficiently investigated the
lithium-to-tritium reaction in nuclear fusion.
19. Balding is much more common among
White males than males of other races.
(A) than
(B) than among
(C) than is so of
(D) compared to
(E) in comparison with
20. The bank holds $3 billion in loans
that are seriously delinquent or in such trouble that they do not expect
payments when due.
(A) they do not expect payments when
(B) it does not expect payments when it is
(C) it does not expect payments to be made when they are
(D) payments are not to be expected to be paid when
(E) payments are not expected to be paid when they will be
Directions: For each question. select the best of the answer choices
given. (Critical Reasoning)
21. Roberta was born in 1967, and so in 1976 she was nine years
old. It is clear from this example that the last two digits of a
person’s birth year will be the same as the last two digits of the
year of that person’s ninth birthday, except that the position of
the digits will be reversed.
Which of the following is the best criticism of the assertions
made?
A. The generalization is valid only for those birth years that do
not end in two zeroes.
B. The example does not exhibit the same principle as is expressed
in the generalization based on it.
C. The generalization is valid only for those birth years in which
the last digit is one greater than the second-to-last digit.
D. The example cannot be shown to be correct unless the truth of
the generalization is already presupposed.
E. The generalization is valid only for those birth years in which
the last digit is greater than five.
22. The nephew of Pliny the Elder wrote the only eyewitness account of the
great eruption of Vesuvius in two letters to the historian Tacitus.
(A) The nephew of Pliny the Elder wrote the only eyewitness account of the
great eruption of Vesuvius in two letters to the historian Tacitus.
(B) To the historian Tacitus, the nephew of Pliny the Elder wrote two letters,
being the only eyewitness accounts of the great eruption of Vesuvius.
(C) The only eyewitness account is in two letters by the nephew of Pliny the
Elder writing to the historian Tacitus an account of the great eruption of
Vesuvius.
(D) Writing the only eyewitness account, Pliny the Elder's nephew accounted for
the great eruption of Vesuvius in two letters to the historian Tacitus.
(E) In two letters to the historian Tacitus, the nephew of Pliny the Elder wrote
the only eyewitness account of the great eruption of Vesuvius.
23. In A.D. 391. resulting from the
destruction of the largest library of the ancient world at
Alexandria, later generations lost all but the
lliad and Odyssey among Greek epics, most of the poetry of Pindar and
Sappho, and dozens of plays by Aeschylus and Euripides.
(A) resulting from the destruction of the largest library of the ancient world
at Alexandria,
(B) the destroying of the largest library of the ancient world at Alexandria
resulted and
(C) because of the result of the destruction of the library at Alexandria, the
largest of the ancient world,
(D) as a result of the destruction of the library at Alexandria, the largest of
the ancient world,
(E) Alexandria's largest library of the ancient world was destroyed, and the
result was
24. Scientists believe that
unlike the males of most species of moth, the male whistling moths of Nambung,
Australia, call female moths to them by the use of acoustical signals, but
not olfactory ones, and they attract their mates during the day, rather than
at night.
(A) by the use of acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and they attract
(B) by the use of acoustical signals instead of using olfactory ones, and
attracting
(C) by using acoustical signals, not using olfactory ones, and by attracting
(D) using acoustical signals, rather than olfactory ones, and attract
(E) using acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and attracting
Directions: For each question. select the best of the answer choices
given. (Critical Reasoning)
25. The state with the greatest fraction of its population in
urban areas, if the urban areas are considered to include the
suburbs, is California. The West is highly urbanized, but
California is exceptional even in that region: 91 percent of its
population lives in urban areas. Geographically, however,
California is rural: 96 percent of its land is outside urban
areas.
If all of the statements are true, which of the following is best
supported on the basis of them?
A. No state has a smaller fraction of its population in rural
areas than California has.
B. The current rate of population growth in California’s urban
areas exceeds that current rate of population growth in
California’s rural areas.
C. In California 96 percent of the population lives on 9 percent
of the land.
D. No state has a smaller area devoted to urban settlement than
California has.
E. California’s population density is among the highest of all
states in the United States.
26. If the airspace around centrally located airports were
restricted to commercial airliners and only those private planes
equipped with radar, most of the private-plane traffic would be
forced to sue outlying airfields. Such a reduction in the amount
of private-plane traffic would reduce the risk of midair collision
around the centrally located airports.
The conclusion draw in the first sentence depends on which of the
following assumptions?
A. Outlying airfields would be as convenient as centrally located
airports for most pilots of private planes.
B. Most outlying airfields are not equipped to handle
commercial-airline traffic.
C. Most private planes that use centrally located airports are not
equipped with radar.
D. Commercial airliners are at greater risk of becoming involved
in midair collisions than are private planes.
E. A reduction in the risk of midair collision would eventually
lead to increases in commercial-airline traffic.
27. In the United States between 1850 and 1880, the number of
farmers continued to increase, but at a rate lower than that of
the general population.
Which of the following statements directly contradicts the
information presented above?
A. The number of farmers in the general population increased
slightly in the thirty years between 1850 and 1880.
B. The rate of growth of the United States labor force and the
rate of growth of the general population rose simultaneously in
the thirty years between 1850 and 1880.
C. The proportion of farmers in the United States labor force
remained constant in the thirty years between 1850 and 1880.
D. The proportion of farmers in the United States labor force
decreased from 64 percent in 1850 to 49 percent in 1880.
E. The proportion of farmers in the general population increased
from 68 percent in 1850 to 72 percent in 1880.
28. The British sociologist and
activist Barbara Wootton once noted as a humorous example of income
maldistribution that the elephant that gave rides to children at the
Whipsnade Zoo was earning annually exactly what she then earned as director
of adult education for London.
(A) that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was
earning
(B) that the elephant, giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, had been
earning
(C) that there was an elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo,
and it earned
(D) the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and was
earning
(E) the elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and that it
earned
29. Five fledgling sea eagles left
their nests in western Scotland this summer, bringing to 34 the number of
wild birds successfully raised since transplants from Norway began in 1975.
(A) bringing
(B) and brings
(C) and it brings
(D) and it brought
(E) and brought
30. According to some economists, the
July decrease in unemployment so that it was the lowest in two years
suggests that the gradual improvement in the job market is continuing.
(A) so that it was the lowest in two years
(B) so that it was the lowest two-year rate
(C) to what would be the lowest in two years
(D) to a two-year low level
(E) to the lowest level in two years
Directions: For each question. select the best of the
answer choices given. (Critical Reasoning)
31. The 38 corporations that filed United States income tax
returns showing a net income of more than $ 100 million accounted
for 53 percent of the total taxable income from foreign sources
reported on all tax returns. Sixty percent of the total taxable
income from foreign sources came from the 200 returns reporting
income from 10 or more countries.
If the statements above are true, which of the following must also
be true?
A. Most of the total taxable income earned by corporations with
net income above $ 100 million was earned from foreign sources.
B. Wealthy individuals with large personal incomes reported 47
percent of the total taxable income from foreign sources.
C. Income from foreign sources amounted to between 53 and 60
percent of all reported taxable income.
D. Some of the corporations with net income above $ 100 million
reported income from 10 or more countries.
E. Most of the tax returns showing income from 10 or more
countries reported net income of more than $ 100 million.
Questions 32- 34 are based on the following passage.
Tocqueville, apparently, was wrong.
Jacksonian America was not a fluid,
egalitarian society where individual
wealth and poverty were ephemeral
(5) conditions. At least to argues E. Pessen
in his iconoclastic study of the very
rich in the United States between 1825
and 1850.
Pessen does present a quantity of
(10) examples, together with some
refreshingly intelligible statistics, to
establish the existence of an
inordinately wealthy class. Though
active in commerce or the professions,
(15) most of the wealthy were not self-made,
but had inherited family fortunes. In no
sense mercurial, these great fortunes
survived the financial panics that
destroyed lesser ones. Indeed, in
(20) several cities the wealthiest one
percent constantly increased its share
until by 1850 it owned half of the
community's wealth. Although these
observations are true, Pessen
(25) overestimates their importance by
concluding from them that the undoubted
progress toward inequality in the late
eighteenth century continued in the
Jacksonian period and that the United
(30) States was a class-ridden, plutocratic
society even before industrialization.
32. According to the passage, Pessen indicates that all of the
following were true of the very wealthy in the United States
between 1825 and 1850 EXCEPT:
(A) They formed a distinct upper class.
(B) Many of them were able to increase their holdings.
(C) Some of them worked as professionals or in business.
(D) Most of them accumulated their own fortunes.
(E) Many of them retained their wealth in spite of financial
upheavals.
33.The author's attitude toward Pessen's presentation of
statistics can be best described as
(A) disapproving
(B) shocked
(C) suspicious
(D) amused
(E) laudatory
34. Which of the following best states the author's main point?
(A) Pessen's study has overturned the previously established view
of the social and economic structure of early nineteenth-century
America.
(B) Tocqueville's analysis of the United States in the Jacksonian
era remains the definitive account of this period.
(C) Pessen's study is valuable primarily because it shows the
continuity of the social system in the United States throughout
the nineteenth century.
(D) The social patterns and political power of the extremely
wealthy in the United States between 1825 and 1850 are well
documented.
(E) Pessen challenges a view of the social and economic system in
the United States from 1825 to 1850, but he draws conclusions that
are incorrect.
Directions: For each question. select the best of the
answer choices given. (Critical Reasoning)
35. The greater the division of labor in an economy, the
greater the need for coordination. This is because increased
division of labor entails a larger number of specialized
producers, which results in a greater burden on managers and,
potentially, in a greater number of disruptions of supply and
production.
There is always more division of labor in market economies than in
planned economies.
If all of the statements given are true, the which of the
following must also be true?
A. Disruptions of supply and production are more frequent in
planned economies than in market economies.
B. There are more specialized producers in planned economies than
in market economies.
C. The need for coordination in market economies is greater than
in planned economies.
D. A manager’s task is easier in a market economy than in a
planned economy.
E. Division of labor functions more effectively in market
economies than in planned economies.
36. Being a
United States citizen since 1988 and
born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee has lived in England and
Canada, and first came to the United States in 1961 to study at the Iowa
Writers' Workshop.
(A) Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940,
author Bharati Mukherjee has
(B) Having been a United States citizen since 1988, she was born in Calcutta in
1940; author Bharati Mukherjee
(C) Born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee became a United States
citizen in 1988; she has
(D) Being born in Calcutta in 1940 and having been a United States citizen since
1988, author Bharati Mukherjee
(E) Having been born in Calcutta in 1940 and being a United States citizen since
1988, author Bharati Mukherjee
37. Initiated five centuries after
Europeans arrived in the New World on Columbus Day 1992. Project SETI pledged a
$100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
(A) Initiated five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World on
Columbus Day 1992, Project SETI pledged a $100 million investment in the search
for extraterrestrial intelligence.
(B) Initiated on Columbus Day 1992, five centuries after Europeans arrived in
the New World, a $100 million investment in the search for -extraterrestrial
intelligence was pledged by Project SETI.
(C) Initiated on Columbus Day 1992, five centuries after Europeans arrived in
the New World, Project SETI pledged a $100 million investment in the search for
extraterrestrial intelligence.
(D) Pledging a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial
intelligence, the . initiation of Project SETI five centuries after Europeans
arrived in the New World on Columbus Day 1992.
(E) Pledging a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial
intelligence five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World, on
Columbus Day 1992, the initiation of Project SETI took place.
Directions: For each question. select the best of the answer choices
given. (Critical Reasoning)
38. The greatest chance for the existence of extraterrestrial
life is on a planet beyond our solar system. The Milky Way galaxy
alone contains 100 billion other suns, many of which could be
accompanied by planets similar enough to Earth to make them
suitable abodes of life.
The statement presupposes which of the following?
A. Living creatures on another planet would probably have the same
appearance as those on Earth.
B. Life cannot exist on other planets in our solar system.
C. If the appropriate physical conditions exist, life is an
inevitable consequence.
D. More than one of the suns in the galaxy is accompanied by an
Earth-like planet.
E. It is likely that life on another planet would require
conditions similar to those on Earth.
39. The direction in which the Earth
and the other solid planets --Mercury, Venus, and Mars -- spins were
determined from collisions with giant celestial bodies in the early history
of the Solar System.
(A) spins were determined from
(B) spins were determined because of
(C) spins was determined through
(D) spin was determined by
(E) spin was determined as a result of
40. Thomas Eakins' powerful style and
his choices of subject--the advances in modern surgery, the discipline of sport,
the strains of individuals in tension with society or even with themselves--was
as disturbing to his own time as it is compelling for ours.
(A) was as disturbing to his own time as it is
(B) were as disturbing to his own time as they are
(C) has been as disturbing in his own time as they are
(D) had been as disturbing in his own time as it was
(E) have been as disturbing in his own time as
41. In a recent poll, 86 percent of the
public favored a Clean Air Act as strong or stronger than the present
act.
(A) a Clean Air Act as strong or stronger than
(B) a Clean Air Act that is stronger, or at least so strong as,
(C) at least as strong a Clean Air Act as is
(D) a Clean Air Act as strong or stronger than is
(E) a Clean Air Act at least as strong as
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